Chile History

Chile's history is a rich tapestry woven from the threads of its diverse cultures, conquests, and struggles for independence. From the ancient civilizations that thrived long before European contact to the modern nation that stands today, Chile's past is marked by resilience and transformation. Let's explore the key periods that have shaped this remarkable country.

Pre-Columbian History

Most information known about Pre-Columbian culture has been gathered from burial sites and left-behind artifacts. The North contains an excellent climate needed for preservation.

One of the oldest burial sites is the Chinchurro peoples who once inhabited the Atacama Desert in the El Norte Grande.

As the native Chileans were developing a simple agricultural society, the Incas were emerging as a sophisticated and developed civilization. They were building palaces, temples, road networks, and water systems. The Incas arrived in Cusco in 1200 AD and by the 15th century had spread North all the way to Quito and as far south as the Rio Maule.

The Spanish Conquest

The colonization of Chile began in 1538 when Pedro de Valdivia was entrusted by Spain to colonize the country.

With the help of 150 men, he founded:

• Santiago de la Nueva Extremadura in the Anconcagua Valley La Serena in the North A few small towns in the south

It was in this region where the Spaniards faced the most resistance. The Mapuches were able to push back the conquistadors and halted the spread of colonization south of the Bio Bio River, which became known as La Frontera.

Colonial Times

Chile's colonial society developed slowly because of its lack of precious metals and its isolated location. By the 17th century, the economy centered around the hacienda, which was a self-sufficient village with thick protected walls. These haciendas contained: Workshops Wine bodegas Dairies A chapel The landowner's estate